A sitting judge faces felony charges for allegedly aiding an illegal immigrant’s escape from ICE, raising urgent questions about judicial boundaries and federal law enforcement power.
Story Snapshot
- FBI arrested Milwaukee Judge Hannah Dugan for allegedly obstructing ICE agents during a courthouse encounter.
- Federal prosecutors argue Dugan cannot claim judicial immunity for criminal acts.
- The case highlights constitutional tension between state authority and federal immigration enforcement.
- Wisconsin Supreme Court suspended Dugan; federal judge allowed the criminal case to advance.
Federal Charges Against Judge Hannah Dugan
On April 25, 2025, FBI agents arrested Milwaukee County Circuit Court Judge Hannah Dugan for allegedly assisting undocumented immigrant Eduardo Flores-Ruiz in evading arrest at the Milwaukee County Courthouse. Dugan’s encounter with ICE agents began on April 18, when she reportedly paused her own proceedings, sought help from a colleague, and confronted federal officers in the hallway. Federal prosecutors have charged her with obstruction of justice and concealing an individual set for deportation, arguing that her judicial status does not shield her from prosecution under federal law.
Legal Limits of Judicial Immunity
The Department of Justice quickly moved to oppose Judge Dugan’s claim of judicial immunity, emphasizing that such protections apply only to civil matters conducted in official capacity, not to alleged criminal acts. On June 9, 2025, federal filings underscored that “a state judicial post is not a license to engage in conduct that violates federal criminal law.” The Wisconsin Supreme Court responded by suspending Dugan from her duties, stating the action was “in the public interest.” By August 27, 2025, a federal judge advanced the criminal case, rejecting Dugan’s immunity defense and further clarifying the boundaries between state and federal authority.
Broader Clash: Local Authority vs. Federal Enforcement
This case spotlights a continuing national debate over cooperation between local jurisdictions and federal immigration agencies, particularly in so-called “sanctuary” areas. Milwaukee’s courthouse has experienced multiple ICE-related arrests in recent months, intensifying scrutiny of courthouse security and procedures. Legal scholars confirm that judicial immunity does not shield judges from criminal prosecution for actions outside the scope of their official duties. While some advocates frame Dugan’s intervention as defense of due process, critics argue she overstepped her authority and undermined the rule of law, echoing wider frustrations with government overreach and leniency toward illegal immigration.
Immediate and Long-Term Implications
The suspension of Judge Dugan has disrupted Milwaukee County court operations, and the case sets a precedent that may influence judicial protocols nationwide. The DOJ’s stance aligns with established doctrine, reinforcing that judges must respect constitutional boundaries and federal supremacy in immigration matters. This incident could have lasting effects, prompting state judges to reconsider their role in federal law enforcement contexts. It also adds fuel to the ongoing political debate over sanctuary policies, judicial independence, and the proper limits of government intervention—issues central to conservative values and constitutional integrity.
Sources:
FBI Arrests Milwaukee Judge Accused of Aiding Escape from ICE – Courthouse News
